possum bite marks on cat

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A possum's claws and teeth are sharper than a cat's, so a standoff could prove deadly. Human bite injuries transfer a larger number of bacteria than dog or cat bites due to a greater density of normal oral flora. The following statements are either true or false. Dog bite. Check the damage with binoculars; possums chewed leaves are usually torn roughly with midribs and occasionally lower portions of leaves left uneaten. Dog bites occur more commonly in children aged under 5 years than in older children. Possums generally don't bite people, they will not attack without a good reason, and they will hiss and growl or go into a state of shock. A large percentage of cat bites are puncture wounds that are known to have an increased risk of infection. Longer periods of intravenous therapy are required for more severe infections, especially those involving bones or joints. A single possum can eat more than 60 Powelliphanta per night! In Australia, persons who have had contact with sick or dead ringtail possums, including being bitten or scratched, may be at increased risk of getting the disease. Mix the ingredients in a bowl and let it sit overnight. Signs of a bite are blood and pus discharge, swelling, matted fur, and fever. They will attack the cat if necessary and will use their sharp and dangerous claws and teeth to win in a fight. Scientists are scrambling to understand rising cases of Buruli ulcer in Australia - and of the role humans and possums play in spreading it. Usually silvery grey in colour with a black band across the snout, they have a white to brownish-yellow belly. Their immediate instinct it to escape. 0000003196 00000 n We recommend using wax tags or chew cards to monitor possum abundance in your Predator Free 2050 protection area. In Australia, ringtail possums have been associated with human infection and other wildlife may carry the disease. People exposed to the bacteria through bites and scratches to their skin will also develop an ulcer at the wound. Cure All Pest Control is licensed to trap possums in Brisbane. Private landowners' guide to possum control: control tools and techniques. injured possums must be treated as quickly as possible - less than 12 hrs. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'rangerplanet_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_16',167,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-rangerplanet_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0');Early detection of any infection is helpful. Ym'G.aRDxt=?>@$MUJl|WMvZ~PMD 0cy2U$Lf?a2m@k~IbFx4WlWn/Kjnch" gh"_e0"]}2[Csi ).^X7|7S01BC/4?_]5y~p!UJ9|. A possum skull showing arrangement of teeth. They have gray to black colored fur and a distinct pinkish nose. Most infected people recover fully with the appropriate treatment. Using their needle-sharp teeth, a cats bite will release a bacteria that acts as a poison in a possums bloodstream. qyt)OV(elh*1a$jl&UF5v#8t ]]SlIm03\lI Eradicated from some offshore islands. Minks will leave,"vampire marks",on the neck,drinking the blood and leaving the body intact. or other pets? Possums compete for nest sites with hole-nesting birds such as kiwi, parakeets and saddlebacks, and eat the eggs, nestlings and adults of native birds. Possum premolar bite-mark Differentiating between Possum and Rat bite-marks Most bite-mark identification problems will involve differentiation between possum and rat bite marks. Dust masks can reduce the risk of inhaling the bacteria. The combined head and body length is between 35 and 55 . Antibiotics are required to treat the infection. Birds like kereru can also strip leaves from a tree and cause ragged edges. The main breeding season is autumn but in some locations a second breeding season occurs in spring. Puncture marks on skin. To avoid contamination. NSW Health is urging people to avoid touching possums following the first probable case of the rare disease tularaemia in a NSW resident. The bacteria can enter the body through the skin, eyes, mouth, throat or lungs. If you develop symptoms or think you have been exposed, consult your GP as early as possible. The messy feeding sign can be confused with that of ship rat or other rodents, and mustelids like stoats. %PDF-1.4 % Aust Prescr 2006;29:6-8. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2006.005, Changes to COVID-19 oral antiviral PBS eligibility criteria, FAQs: use of COVID-19 oral antiviral agents in residential aged care, COVID-19 vaccination side effects: how to manage and when to report them, Chronic kidney disease: early detection and management, Mental health and young people: opportunities to empower and engage, Benzodiazepine dependence: reduce the risk, Mental health and young people: finding the path that works for you, Reducing your risk of benzodiazepine dependence, Administration of medicines to children: a practical guide, COVID-19 oral antiviral PBS eligibility criteria update November 2022, Vericiguat (Verquvo) for persistent chronic heart failure with LVEF < 45%, COVID-19 oral antiviral PBS eligibility criteria update September and November 2022, Chronic kidney disease: a focus on early detection and management Quality use of medicines briefing paper. These injuries are commonly infected with human oropharyngeal flora. (2005). Barton, Ian (1990). You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Overview. If antibiotics are indicated, check the patient's antibiotic allergies. Wellington: Author. Although possums are not aggressive toward people, they may attack a cat if they think your cat is a threat to their young. The front legs are shorter than the hind legs. Possum incisor teeth bite mark on a Waxtag. Dog bites are the most common bite injury. If you do get bitten, follow the precautions. Possums spend most of their time in trees and may only spend 10-15 % of their time on the ground. Runs from forest into grassland are most often made by possums but also by hares, and wallabies where these occur. However, possums come in grey and dark forms and there also are occasional albino animals. Look for holes under eaves; loose tiles or roofing iron; or access from underneath a house up through wall cavities to the roof. Typically the incisor pairs are 4.5 - 7 mm wide, including the medial notch. Large weta droppings can sometimes be mistaken for those of juvenile possums. Can be confused with: Dens can be used by a range of species; you will need to check for fur, footprints and smell to see if possum was one of these. It is a large possum with a bushy tail and pointy ears. 0000001565 00000 n The next day an old one-eyed tom was spitting mad in the cage. Relevant, timely and evidence-based information for Australian health professionals and consumers. smooth peanut butter) and smear it up the trunk or post to make a 10cm-wide path that finishes just . They only eat the leaf-stalks of some species, like fivefinger. Any queries concerning reproduction and rights should be sent to [emailprotected]We acknowledge the provision of funding from the Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care to develop and maintain this website. The takeaway here is to try not to be scared of Possums, they will likely be more scared of you! I've researched, and written much about both foxes and coyotes. Results from some learning and discrimination tests rank opossums above dogs and more or less on a par with pigs in intelligence. If the incisor marks are wider than 5 mm it is most likely possum, between 5 and 2 mm one of the rat species, and less than 2 mm a mouse. Prophylaxis is generally given for 5-7 days, although there are no clear guidelines. Episode 51: Quit smoking. The poop of possums contains a number of bacteria. Skunks, feral cats, and domestic dogs are other possibilities . Are they safe around possums? These patients predominantly have a contaminated wound with no signs of infection. One useful clue is how far up you can see the same type of damage. The hind foot has an opposable thumb without a claw and the second and third digits are fused for most of their length except the tips. Rates of misidentification of bite marks by field staff were low for both wax tags and chew cards. Other important differences between human bites and dog and cat bites are the presence of Eikenella corrodens, the absence of Pasteurella multocida, and a higher frequency of beta-lactamase-producing organisms and anaerobes. r10x@,Se@vL= r 10uD< ]~)#v@\0;b`88H3@ < 0] People exposed to the bacteria through bites and scratches to their skin will also develop an ulcer at the wound. (2014). startxref The enclosure should be small enough to permit easy medication via restraint for the first two to three . 2. Unpublished report. In fact, far from biting, Possums are generally timid creatures that would go out of their way to avoid a confrontation. Kill signs: Messy eaters, regurgitated pellets, egg shell fragments pushed into the egg. What is next, you may be wondering. The more opossums are in the area, the fewer ticks there will be. Individuals are territorial and use scented secretions to mark their territory. They . Treatment of an established infection is usually for 7-10 days. It is difficult to confuse possum prints with anything else as they are usually much larger than those of other species of small mammal in New Zealand. 1. . Hi, it might be skunks, the bites sound like skunks or possums, but not eating them is not usual. Tularaemia is an extremely rare bacterial disease, which can be transmitted to humans from infected animals but not from human-to-human. 0000002704 00000 n The substrate should be cleaned of faeces and urine at least once daily. Heavier possums are dominant (the boss) over smaller ones, and females tend to be dominant over similar sized (or smaller) males. If your dog or any other pet decides to interfere with the activity and freedom of a possum, and if the possum doesnt choose to play dead, it could bite back. Leptospirosis is a disease that can be spread through possum poop. Tracks up and down spurs are often made by ungulate species such as deer and goat. Bacterial infections from bite wounds are usually polymicrobial and are often mixtures of aerobes and anaerobes. Other culprits are; fallow deer, red deer, rusa deer, sambar deer, sika deer, white-tailed deer, rabbit, hare, Norway rat, ship rat, kiore, mouse, cat, feral pig, and feral goat. You wont often see complete possum (fore and hind) prints on tracking paper, because possums dont fit in standard tunnels. Check out the other species and other vegetation sign to make sure. 4. Possums particularly love eating some plant species and can eat these species to death or totally strip the fruit crop, but this preference can be regional. swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck, armpits or groin. In Italy for example, the incidence of cat-related injuries is 18 per 100 000 population, while in the United States of America, there are an estimated 400 000 cat bites and 66 000 visits to hospital emergency departments every year. They Get Rid Of Garden Pests. We had a summer when two of our cats got possum . Signs that your cat is suffering from this illness . Add dressing and replace it daily until the wound has healed, allowing to air occasionally. A disease called Tularemia can be caused by the introduction of bacteria to an open wound. Possums are mostly solitary but make a range of noises at night when there are other possums around including screeches, grunts, growls, hisses and chatters (aggressive), zook-zook noises and squeaks with dependent juveniles, and males make shook-shook and clicking noises when courting a female. Cat attack remains a significant danger to urban wildlife Measures are in place to minimise cat predation but they must go further. Opposum is what brushtail possums used to be called but now more commonly refers to a completely different marsupial from America. Possums. Possum droppings, separate. Less food means reduced breeding success for native birds and insects. Birds and nestlings often are only partially eaten, favoured areas being the head and chest, with wing and rear being less favoured. Barking dogs. Possums have multiple scent glands including a red-brown gland on the chest between the front legs (sternal), near their bottoms and in the pouch region. You will need 2 tablespoons chopped garlic and 1-litre hot water. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'rangerplanet_com-banner-1','ezslot_7',164,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-rangerplanet_com-banner-1-0');However, should a confrontation occur, and the possum is unable to hide or run, it has two main defensive techniques that it can use. The other teeth do not usually leave any impressions.Weasels, stoats and ferrets leave similar pairs of circular canine puncture marks but the teeth in each pair are spaced less widely (4 - 6.5 in weasels, 7 - 9 mm in stoats and 10 - 14 mm in ferrets. Rabies: Stage 2. xb```b``af`f`da@ V xAcB fAgfLPtY0CF{VvF Uqt4(dft The claws cant retract. Look for chew marks: if the width of the incisor marks is greater than 5 mm then possums are the most likely culprit. What to Do When Your Cat Has Been Bitten by a Snake. Possums can leave the ground littered with partially eaten leaves, flowers and fruits, and can leave chew marks and scratches on bark but it can be one of many other culprits too! The hair has a hollow structure which helps to store heat (it is the third warmest fur in the world) and is combined with merino wool to make a fibre that is used for making clothes. Although the possum is generally a clean animal well cleaner than many others, infections can occur, usually, a course of antibiotics is required to kill the infection. Fruit can also be damaged by native birds such as kaka, kea, kakariki and exotic birds such as rosella. Pigs tend to completely crush larger shells and swallow smaller shells whole. Although cats have less jaw power than dogs, the rate of infection with cat wounds is greater. Worldwide, tularaemia can affect a wide range of animals including rabbits, hares, rodents and wildlife. Sometimes possums eat so many of the flowers that the plants never have a chance to set fruit. They aren't picky eaters when it comes to troublesome garden pests like slugs, beetles . There are a number of predators that might visit, including, foxes, raccoons, skunks, cats, and dogs. Antibiotics would help fight this. The incisor tooth marks of rats, rabbits and hares can be confused with those of possum. Some possum-preferred plant species have disappeared in some areas, but no species has become extinct in New Zealand because of possums. Possums can pull paper out of tracking tunnels. But what are the risks? They can release different scents when scared or handled, and will often release urine or droppings too. This information is not intended as a substitute for medical advice and should not be exclusively relied on to manage or diagnose a medical condition. A handbook for the assessment of noxious animal damage in Auckland forests. The possum fur is much prized because it doesn't shed and is anti-static. One pair of anal (bottom) glands contain a white substance with a penetrating acid smell rather like pickled onions. After you've taken care of your bite wound, contact your doctor immediately. However kereru bites have round tips. They also have a range of screeches, grunts, growls, hisses and chatters. Some possums can fight back against the larger dog breeds. Tularaemia occurs in parts of North America, Europe, Russia, China and Japan. Footprints: Five-toed fore-feet, different hind-feet, claw marks. Possums are native to Australia. Wound Marks: A possum will bite its prey in the breast, neck, and thigh areas. First things first, call your veterinarian to let them know that you're en route to their office, even if you're 100 percent sure that the bite was non-venomous. Dog attacks. Use your results to track progress and make improvements. The causative agent is Australian bat lyssavirus which is nearly identical to rabies virus.6 Australian bat lyssavirus infection should be considered in a patient with a history of a bat bite or exposure, who presents with meningoencephalitis. If a possum bites you, immediately tend to the wound, do not leave it. Please enable scripts and reload this page. The short answer to whether possums or opossums bite humans is yes, they do. "If you have become unwell with these symptoms after recently touching a possum . Possums are generally about the size of a domestic cat and the Brushtail Possum has a pointed face with a pink nose, long rounded ears and a bushy black tail. The fourth infection is believed to have been acquired in a laboratory setting, and the implicated species of Australian animal has not been identified. (Kim Chandler) Opossums are inhibited animals, especially in daylight or under artificial light, but are by no means stupid. Possums are more bark and less bite, if you understand the analogy. Scavenging carcasses is thought to be one way that bovine TB is spread between animals. Call us today 0482074889 and get rid of possums without any damage to your residential place and also at a reasonable price. Possums are known to scavenge on deer and pig carcasses and are often caught in traps baited with rabbit meat to catch ferrets or stoats. Possums walk on all four feet when on the ground and the gait length is about 10 to 12 cm between placement of left and right feet. Heavy rain may delay possums from leaving their dens. Possums are nocturnal (only come out at night) and if you shine a torch in the trees at night you might see their large eyes reflecting a red light. Front paws are rather hand-like, and rear paws rather longer with a pair of fused digits. The following are the most common symptoms of rabies. But what about your dog? A Certified Ecologist and an Entomologist, Michael has been interested in all aspects of Nature for many years. Distinctive features: Furry body, long bushy tail, shorter front legs, pair of fused toes on hind feet, protruding brown eyes, pointed snout with pink nose, pointed ears without fur on the inside. Animal bites and scratches, even minor ones, can sometimes lead to complications. Practical information, tools and resources for health professionals and staff to help improve the quality of health care and safety for patients. For further information please call your local public health unit on 1300 066 055.. (2001). There have been several . We hope this was helpful in teaching you about being aware of what possums can do and what to do if you do get bitten! The common brushtail possum is the most familiar and abundant of the Australian possums. People could potentially be exposed as a result of bioterrorism. Brush-tailed possums vary considerably in size and colour. Brushtail possum Trichosurus vulpecula. Possum runs can also be found inside a forest, especially near denning sites, if there are lots of possums. Weka peck neat holes through the central whorl of the shell to access the meat. They make half bounds (short jumps) on steeper terrain and between branches and big bounds on tree trunks. If in the unlikely event you are bitten by a possum, symptoms or complications can include. Infection can be acquired by: In Australia, contact with an infected ringtail possum (including bites and scratches) can transmit the disease. Possum fur is fluffy grey or dark brown on the head, back and tail and white or dirty yellow on the belly and there are several colour forms [link to fur]. Image credit: Kerikeri Peninsula Pest Control. "If you have become unwell with these symptoms after recently touching a possum . Kiekie bracts and fruit discarded by possum. Most infections are reported from the Northern Hemisphere. You might also see claw scratches as they climb up and down scratches from claws often wrap around the trunk on a slant. Opossums can still be harmful even if they can't harm and kill a cat. Worldwide, cat bites account for 2-50% of injuries related to animal-bites. On chewcards, possums will typically leave extensively crushed margins in which individual bite marks may or may not be evident. Just as with humans, possums would do what they can to avoid a confrontation with any pets such as dogs or cats in your house. %PDF-1.4 372 0 obj <> endobj Possums tend to live solitary lives except during breeding season. Human bite wounds account for 2-3% of bite presentations. 20 years of helping Australians make better decisions about medicines, medical tests and other health technologies. They spread the disease to New Zealands cattle and deer herds, which threatens the meat export industries. But nonetheless, we have a good idea of what the top Do Coyotes Eat Foxes: No, Why and What Actually Happens. Opossums have 16 molars; eight on the top, eight on the bottom, and eight per side. Cat bites occur particularly in women and in an older patient group. Help us develop this website: send us your feedback, pest detective stories and good pest clue photos you wish to share. They are commonly second to dog bites in terms of incidence. Possums are a predator to cats. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'rangerplanet_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_8',165,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-rangerplanet_com-large-leaderboard-2-0');Once the danger has passed, the possum will revive itself and carry on with whatever it was up to before. Successful treatment of cat attacked young Ringtail possums is possible - with few side effects. You should be able to see two parallel lines with a narrow higher strip in between (left by the gap between the middle incisor teeth on the upper jaw). Because a possum's incisors are 4.5-7 mm wide, you might not notice the bite marks at all, especially if . The wounds should be taken care of immediately to avoid infections. The second group presents more than 12 hours after the injury. Care should be taken when mowing or landscaping not to mow over sick or dead animals. Unlike many species of ringtail possum, common ringtail possums are not solitary. It is highly unlikely for possums to bite you since these are shy animals who have a very docile nature and are seldom ever aggressive. (2014). Although antibiotic prophylaxis is not indicated for minor injuries, a clinical syndrome of rat-bite fever should be kept in mind if patients present with malaise, fever and progressive arthralgia following a rat bite. Possums leave relatively whole but crushed eggshells. Although studies do not clearly show that antibiotics prevent infection after a bite, it is common practice to offer antibiotic prophylaxis to patients with more severe wounds or to those with risk factors for infection. They can attack and injure a cat, other animals, or even humans if they feel threatened as a way to protect themselves. Management is determined by the species of the biter, assessment of the injury and knowledge of host factors. They can help evaluate whether you will need a tetanus shot or other medical treatment. Reluctance to be touched or held. If your cat was actually bitten by one, then you need to get the cat to the vet ASAP. Travellers to affected countries should avoid contact with tick and deer flies by using insect repellent and wearing long sleeves and pants and socks, drinking only treated water and eating well cooked meat. Minor bites can be treated with hydrogen peroxide and gauze. A possum has six incisor teeth; four on the upper jaw and two on the lower one. To mark their territories, possums release scent from glands on their chest onto tree branches. Theyre good options if you live in an area with many kinds of rodents as it will work for most. The possum will try to get out of the dog's mouth before getting killed; this can end up with some scratches or bites. The more medicines you take, the more difficult it can be to remember important information about them. . endstream endobj 383 0 obj<>/Size 372/Type/XRef>>stream If you have become unwell with these symptoms after recently touching a possum, especially if you were bitten or scratched, it is important to seek medical treatment early, Ms Glasgow said. We use the best method to remove possums from your home location. Find information on medicines by active ingredient or brand name. If there are no trees, use a post. The first technique is to bare its teeth and hiss or growl. While no other Australian mammals or insects have been found to be infected with tularaemia, one case in NSW was likely exposed during necropsy of Australian wildlife, which did not include possum species. They can use their natural defence mechanisms in a fight by using their claws and teeth to claw into skin, scratch and even bite your cat in a fight. STEP 2: Secure outside entry points to your home; block access to chimneys, vents, or any other holes or gaps. -9fF- Possums are native to the Australian mainland, Tasmania and some other Australian islands. The main feeding activity tends to occur about two hours after they have come out of the den. Human bite injuries transfer a larger number of bacteria than dog or cat bites due to a greater density of normal oral flora. You can recognise a Common Brushtail Possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula) by its thick, bushy tail which distinguishes it from the smaller Common Ringtail Possum. Here is what a possum bite could lead to: . Pain, itching, or numbness and tingling at the site of the wound. Proceedings of the New Zealand Ecological Society, 14, 71-78. You can also apply some antiseptic to prevent the risk of infection. . The fusion of two toes is called syndactyly toe, and these toes are used for grooming fur. For no reason, you should touch the possum or your dog without gloves in this situation. Bark chews and scratches. Possums love fruits and flowers. Call 07 3349 8572 or request a possum removal quote today. J?eKHG9mvR-={c1a8Tt;:8t`KN8|mZVu"[FNAnu\e!g\~43\, l/jfb"YhwqfaPuF8.\>X3y~5o4(fG1EcnJVwNN`Slke~0 )4*xb6H/cvQm j(PaWnr')WbMQjJh?Sq"J)_xS6W<94mU`U4WQ;~kHa*G'>^2hs!1?w,Z;el&%].9FJvE$DF$Lf:>#sr1]\-3mHcsz'V{A5)+UTy#!Gdk1_6[Aml|8fom5-k WbLKjbUa"S bWni^R!+Z%R:)IB"z_P!Qa7Gd|nOd}aQL. Larger mammals will likely swallow the fruit whole. Adults can weigh around 1.5-4 kg. Two main differences exist between possum and rat bite-marks. In colour it is grey or dark brown on the head, back and tail and white or dirty yellow on the belly. Possums are reasonably smaller than opossums, which may grow up to 2.5 feet in length, from nose to tail. Human bites constitute 2-3% of animal bites received by humans. 0000001052 00000 n Possum trails (called pads or runs) are seen most often on the forest edge near pasture, made when possums come out from the forest at night to eat pasture species and crops. North and South Island, Stewart Island, Chatham Island, Kawau Island, Ruapuke Island, Native Island and Bravo Island (in Paterson Inlet). Management of bite injuries. As a result, other potential animalsources in Australia are suspected but have not been clearly identified. So were going to answer the question regarding if possums bite! Rats and mice. Possums occur in a wide range of habitats from open country to deep in the forest, from rain forest to arid areas but tend to be rare at high altitudes (mountain tops). Signs that your cat may be suffering from a bite wound include: Obvious wound or injury. Without antibiotic prophylaxis around 30-50% of the cat bites seen in emergency departments become infected.2. The final teeth in the opossum's mouth are the molars. Partially eaten leaves, leaf stems, fruits and flowers on the ground. Possums chew bark as a way to mark territory and they often use the same tree year after year. In Australia, ringtail possums have been associated with human infection. However, they can kill a cat for food if they feel threatened or cornered. This site also participates in other affiliate programs and is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies. Face, neck and head bites are more frequent in children.1. 0000002081 00000 n Males and females are similar in size; between 650 and 930 mm, including a tail of 250 to 405 mm. Prophylaxis for 5-7 days is reasonable (although not clearly defined in the literature), with longer periods required for infected wounds. The cat was walking and using the leg instantly (the pain killer). To date there have been fourlocally acquired cases of tularaemia reportedin Australia. A possum can have several dens and can change dens several times per night. People exposed to the bacteria through bites and scratches to their skin will also develop an ulcer at the wound. Dog bites become infected more often than cat bites. Possums are marsupials, so they give birth to very small young that climb into the mothers pouch. Patients presenting with bite wounds who have not been vaccinated in the past five years should be vaccinated. Other important differences between human bites and dog and cat bites are the presence of Eikenella corrodens, the absence of Pasteurella multocida, and a higher frequency of beta-lactamase-producing organisms and anaerobes. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 11, 89-97. Possum kill sign - regurgitated feather and bone pellets. Contact your local DOC or Regional Council office for advice (see Next Steps). The infection has only been found in two possums in Australia, which died in separate clusters in 2002 and 2003. The toe pad marks are quite small relative to the cushion pad marks and the toe pads are spaced further than those of other species. Possums live in dens. Treatment is intravenous penicillin for 5-7 days followed by oral penicillin for seven days. Tularaemia is a rare bacterial disease that is usually acquired from handling infected animals, bites of infected ticks or deer flies or from contaminated food or water. However, wax tags sometimes melted when set in open habitats, potentially obscuring possum bite marks. In TKing, C.M., (Ed. 0 inhalation of contaminated dusts or aerosols.

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